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Sign: Messina (Sicily) - Fountain of Neptune


Address:
Fontana di Nettuno, Via G. Garibaldi, 98122 Messina ME, Italy
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On the sign:
Emblem of the city of Messina
Città di Messina
Assessorato alle Politiche Culturali eal Turismo

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Coat of Arms of Sicily
Assessorato dei Beni culturali e dell’identità siciliana Dipartimento dei Beni culturali e dell’identità siciliana

Fontana del Nettuno
La commissione della Fontana del Nettuno, nel 1556, conclude il decennio di proficua attività messinese di Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli (Montorsoli, 1507c. - Firenze, 1563), allievo di Andrea Ferrucci da Fiesole e seguace di Michelangelo fin dal suo precoce soggiorno romano.
Per la città realizzò infatti, a partire dal 1547, e grazie alla posizione di grande prestigio riconosciutagli dal Senato, la Fontana di Orione, a Piazza Duomo, la Chiesa di S. Lorenzo, distrutta dal Sisma del 1783, il pavimento intarsiato e la partitura dell’Aposto- lato in Cattedrale, la Lanterna di S. Ranieri, nell’area falcata, decretando peraltro l’emancipazione dalla tradizione gaginesca della produzione plastica locale.
La fontana, annoverata "fra le più belle del Rinascimento europeo", venne allocata originariamente nell’area portuale prospiciente la Loggia mercantile, in prossimità dell’odierno Palazzo Littorio e rivolta verso l’abitato (fig. 1), nel 1934 fu trasferita nella nuova piazza antistante il palazzo del Governo e orientata ad est verso il mare.
Il Maurolico, autore dei distici esplicativi dei miti dello Stretto scritti lungo il bordo della vasca, ove si leggono anche i nomi del Vicerè e dei Giurati promotori della commissione e la firma dello cultore, ispirò certamente la complessa iconografia, legata alla mitologia locale, della struttura in marmo di Carrara, costituita a una alta gradinata, sulla quale imposta la grande vasca ottagoale con le quattro pile, sui lati obliqui, che ricevono l’acqua da oppie di mascheroni.
Al centro svetta sull’alto piedistallo, ornato dall’aquila bicipite e dagli scudi crociati, il Nettuno, predominante sugli "orrbili" mostri marini Scilla e Cariddi e sui quattro cavallucci.
La Fontana ha subito parecchie manomissioni in ragione degli eventi calamitosi che interessarono la città a partire dal 1848. Le statue del Dio del mare e di Scilla (fig. 2) sono infatti copie ottocentesche eseguite rispettivamente da G. Zappalà (1886) e da L. Subba (1858) in sostituzione delle sculture originali danneggiate dal cannoneggiamento borbonico, oggi custodite al Museo Regionale.
In realtà il Nettuno montorsoliano venne dapprima ricoverato per oltre un trentennio nella Chiesa di S. Maria Alemanna (fig. 3), e quindi, dopo il Sisma del 1908, restaurato nei cantieri del Duomo, prima della definitiva collocazione museale.
II fonte risparmiato miracolosamente dal terremoto, venne invece diffusamente danneggiato dai bombardamenti dell’ultimo conflitto, e risarcito ad opera dello scultore A. Bonfiglio, su incarico dell’Ufficio del Genio Civile.
A lavori conclusi nel ’57, furono avviati quelli del Comune finalizzati a ripristinare l’erogazione idrica.
Un complesso ulteriore intervento di restauro conservativo è stato condotto tra il 1996 ed il 1999 dalla Soprintendenza di Messina.
[Figure 1: The former location of the fountain]

[Figure 2: The statues of the God of the sea and Scilla]
[Figure 3: Church of S. Maria Alemanna]

Fountain of Neptune
The committee of the Fountain of Neptune in 1556, marks the end of the decade of profitable business in Messina of Giovanni Montorsoli (Montorsoli, 1507c. Florence, 1563), a pupil of Andrea Ferrucci from Fiesole and a follower of Michelangelo since his early stay in Rome.
In fact, since ’47, he realized for the city, also thanks to the position of great prestige conferred on him by the Senate, the Fountain of Orion, in Piazza Duomo, the Church of St. Lorenzo, destroyed by the earthquake of 1783, the inlaid floor and the score of the Apostolate in the Cathedral, the lantern of St. Ranieri, in the falcated area, however, decreeing the emancipation from Gagini’s tradition of local plastic production.
The fountain, considered "among the finest in the European Renaissance," was originally allocated in the port area overlooking the Mercantile Lodge, near today’s Lictorian Palace and facing the village, in 1934 it was moved to the new square outside the palace of Government and differently oriented.
Maurolico, author of couplets explaining the myths of the Straits engraved along the edge of the basin, where we can also read the names of the Viceroys and jurors promoters of the commission and the signature of the sculptor, certainly inspired the complex iconography, linked to local mythology, the structure in Carrara marble, consisting of a high staircase, on which it is built the large octagonal basin with four piles on the sloping sides that receive water from pairs of masks.
At the centre it stands, on the high pedestal ornamented with double-headed eagle and the crusaders, the Neptune, predominant on the "horrible" sea monsters Scylla and Charybdis and on the four seahorses.
The Fountain underwent several tampering because of the natural disasters that affected the city in 1848.
The statues of the God of the sea and Scilla are in fact nineteenth-century copies carried out by Zappala (1886) and Subba (1858) in order to replace the original sculptures damaged by cannonade, and today for some un- scrupulous interventions they are kept in the Regional Museum.

Soprintendenza Beni Culturali e Ambientali Messina
Soprintendente Arch. Mirella Vinci
Coordinamento scientifico Caterina Di Giacomo
Testo a cura di Caterina Di Giacomo, Grazia Musolino
Editing Riccardo Vadalà
Traduzioni Sonia D’Agostino
Grafodigital Ristampa 2021

Grafodigital Ristampa 2021
Photography:
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Comments:
The fountain was photographed on the same day by the same photographer Click for a larger image

Translation of the text on the sign:
[only of the parts that appear in the Italian text and not in English]
The symbol of the city of Messina - the city of Messina - the Department of Culture and Tourism Policy
"Visit Us" icon
The Coat of Arms of Sicily - Department of Cultural Heritage and Sicilian Identity, Department of Cultural Heritage and Sicilian Identity

In reality, Montorsoli’s statue of Neptune was housed for the first time in over thirty years in the church of S. Maria Almana (Fig. 3), and then, after the 1908 earthquake, was restored at the construction site of the cathedral, before finally being placed in a museum.
The fountain, which was miraculously saved by the earthquake, was instead largely damaged by the bombs of the last conflict, and was renovated by the sculptor A. Bonfiglio, on behalf of the Ministry of Civil Engineering.
With the completion of the works in 1957, the municipality began work aimed at restoring the water supply.
Another complex intervention of conservative restoration was carried out between 1996 and 1999 by the supervision of Messina.

Superintendency of Cultural and Environmental Heritage Messina
Superintendent Arch. Mirella Vinci
Scientific coordination Caterina Di Giacomo
Text edited by Caterina Di Giacomo, Grazia Musolino
Editing Riccardo Vadala
Translations Sonia D’Agostino
Grafodigital Reprint 2021

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